"[ECOWAS, ECCAS and PTA are] incapable of meeting the challenge of regional integration [because] national interests hold sway over all decision-making bodies ... [This is seen] through the preeminence of the Authority of Heads of State and Government in decision-making ... national representation in the Council of Ministers and the intergovernmental technical committees ... rule by consensus ... the limited resources and responsibilities of the secretariats ... [and] limited jurisdiction of the regional courts." (Quoted from paper)