"[There] is a remarkable gap – not only between warning and response, but also between the high ambitions and far-reaching goals of [Conflict early warning and response (EWR)] projects and the status of their actual implementation. This gap is not least mirrored in the relatively poorly developed early warning systems of the [African Union (AU)] and [Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)] that obviously need more than time to fully materialise." (Quoted from paper)