"Scholars are increasingly concerned with the phenomenon by which successive policy areas become ‘Europeanized’... In the cultural sector, the French government is assumed to have initiated the creation of a new policy space at the European level. However, a closer scrutiny at the policymaking process in the book and audiovisual sectors shows that most French initiatives were taken as a response against European institutions’ attempts to use the ‘liberal’ policy image to extend their remit to policy areas not mentioned in the Treaty." (Quoted from paper)