"Throughout its history, Africa has experienced important migratory movements, both voluntary and forced, which have contributed to its contemporary demographic landscape. In many parts of the Continent, communities are found spread across two or three nation-States, as movement is often not limited by political boundaries. Over the last decades, deteriorating political, socio-economic and environmental conditions, as well as, armed conflicts, insecurity, environmental degradation and poverty, are significant root causes of mass migration and forced displacement in Africa." (Quoted from paper)