"During his 2008-12 term in office, then-President Dmitry Medvedev launched the first concerted crackdown on graft. The tide was apparently turned, as Russia fell to 143 in the Transparency ranking in 2011 and again to 133 in November 2012 (but a change in methodology means the last result can’t be directly compared). After Putin’s reinauguration last May, the Kremlin stepped up its anticorruption efforts, with a series of laws to increase the transparency of government." (Quoted from article)