Agenda
Challenges
The Mexican economy is highly dependent of the resources obtained from its energetic industry; however the annual report of Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) shows that the extraction of oil continues to decline (standing at 2.5 million barrels per day) and faces great difficulties for stabilization. In response, Mexico has established strategies to strengthen its energy industry, both in the field of oil exploration, and the diversification of the industry through other forms of energy production.
Political
This paper gives an overview of Mexico’s climate change policies and instruments, the most important being the General Climate Change Law (GCCL). Mexico has set objectives to reduce CO2 emissions by 30 percent in 2020 and 50 percent by 2050.
Reserves
This document shows 2009 energy statistics regarding the supply and demand, within the national territory, of all the energy sources, and reviews the information of the previous year. It also incorporates useful information for the analysis of the performance of the energy sector and for the design, formulation and implementation of public policies on this subject.
Energy Access
Parts of Mexico still do not have access to electricity, in 2006 97% of the population had access to electricity, but still 4 million people had no access. Therefore a program is developed, together with the World Bank, to provide these rural areas with electricity from renewable resources. With this program they want to reach 2,500 rural communities. The Mexican government also wants to improve the electricity grid, because at the moment its capacity is insufficient, leading to energy losses.
Competition Fuels-Food
There has been a lot of discussion on the influence of the production of biofuels on food security in Mexico. After the 'Tortilla Crisis' of 2008 many argued that biofuels could have raised the food prices and competed with food provision. Mexico changed its biofuel production policy and now mostly focuses on second-generation biofuels.
Status
Growth
Mexico, a top 10 oil producer, plans to generate 35 percent of its power from clean sources by 2026, up from less than 15 percent now, to curb emissions and diversify its energy mix. A global surplus of solar panels has made them cheaper, while the costly oil-fired plants common in areas such as Durango, Sonora and southern Baja California make solar a competitive option.
Targets
Changes in renewable energy markets, investments, industries, and policies have been so rapid in recent years that perceptions of the status of renewable energy can lag years behind the reality. This report captures that reality and provides a unique overview of renewable energy worldwide as of early 2010.
Mexico's nascent biofuels industry will meet a target to blend 3.2% of petrol with biofuels in 2012, marking a two-year delay in the government's snail-like campaign to develop the sector, according to industry observers.
Institutional Structure
Agency
Rossana Fuentes Berain’s essay in this publication examines the process of a debate that dominated Mexican politics in 2008, assessing the challenges facing Pemex, the different options for reform, and the highly charged nature of energy politics in Mexico.
Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE)
The Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) is a company created and owned by the Mexican government. It generates, distributes and markets electric power for almost 35.3 million customers. This figure represents almost 100 million people. The CFE incorporates more than a million new customers every year.
Ministry of Energy (SENER)
The Ministry of Energy (SENER), mindful of the sustainability objective outlined in the 2007-2012 National Development Plan6, proposed the need for a set of energy efficiency indicators in the most energy-intensive sectors, as well as an improvement in the energy statistics available. As a result, SENER and the International Energy Agency (IEA) began a joint project funded by the British Government through the Strategic Programme Fund (SPF).
Environment and Natural Resources Secretariat (SEMARNAT)
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Semarnat) is a federal government agency which main purpose is to promote the protection, restoration and conservation of ecosystems and natural resources, as well as environmental goods and services, in order to promote their sustainable use and development.
Budget
PEMEX
Hydrocarbons are an important source of income for the Mexican government. Mexico's government is highly dependent on the tax incomes from PEMEX, the nation's hydrocarbons company. However, the gains of PEMEX are declining since 2004, generating less income for the Mexican government.
Budget for Renewables
There are only data available on the budget for wind energy. The investment available for wind energy projects is 60.000 million pesos (+/- 1714 million US dollars). Moreover, Mexico wants to develop a prototype windmill, CONACYT finances this project with 143 million pesos (+/- 12 million US dollars).
Key Policies
General Law on Climate Change
Mexico passed the General Law on Climate Change on April 19, 2012, establishing a new leading global legal best practice to address climate change. Mexico has become the second country, after the UK, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach.
Special Climate Change Programme
With respect to adaptation, the vision for 2050 of this Special Program [Special Climate Change Programme or PECC] sets out three major stages: a first stage (2008 to 2012) to assess the country’s vulnerability and conduct an economic evaluation of priority measures; a second stage (2013 to 2030) to strengthen the strategic adaptation capacities, and a third stage (2030 to 2050) to consolidate the capacities already built.
United Nations Framework on Climate Change
Document in Spanish with an executive summary in English. Mexican report to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, containing information on its emissions and programmes for climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Energy Savings
The National Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy (Conuee) is an agency within the Secretariat of Energy. It was created by the Law for the Sustainable Use of Energy published in the Official Gazette on 28 November 2008, and has as main objective to promote energy efficiency and serve as a technical body on sustainable use of energy.
Transition to Globalisation
Biofuels: Ethical Issues
The report has the objective to identify both the pros and cons of development of future generation biofuels with ethical, social, legal and economic implications, thus focusing on issues such as environmental sustainability, impact on food security, land use change and governance.
Globalisation > Economy> Energy > Sources > Renewable
Transition to Tools
What's Hot, Green and Mexican?
Felipe Calderón wants to talk to Barack Obama about drugs—and windmills.
Tools > National > Mexico >Domestic Policies > Environment > Climate
Transition to Actors
NGOs Question World Bank's Clean Energy Roadmap
The World Bank's 2010 World Development Report (WDR), released Tuesday, calls on the developed world to lead global efforts to cut carbon emissions, but some civil society groups remain highly sceptical of the bank's role in brokering climate finance.
Actors >Civil Society > NGOs > Environment
