...Choice of Court Agreements and Parallel Proceedings. "In December 2012, the "matrix of judicial cooperation in the European Union was redesigned by the European legislature. The Brussels I Regulation of 2000 set the rules for jurisdictional conflicts, as well as for recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commerical matters within the European judicial area ... This directly applicable measure of European procedural law significantly increased legal certainty by, inter alia, reducing the number of potential fora for cross-border civil and commercial disputes, and is considered to be one of the most succesful European Union (EU) legislative instruments." (Quoted from paper)